It's a long article, but interesting. Here are some highlights:
After taking over as starter in December, Purdy led the 49ers to a 7-1 record before tearing the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) in his right elbow in the first quarter of the NFC Championship Game loss to the Philadelphia Eagles.
The hope, based on multiple rounds of medical tests and opinions, was Purdy would have what is known as a UCL repair with Internal Brace augmentation. The repair requires no tendon graft to completely reconstruct the ligament -- making it less complex than the traditional UCL reconstruction, commonly known as Tommy John surgery. The typical five to seven month recovery would open the door for Purdy to return late in the summer, thus allowing the Niners to sign Pro Bowl defensive tackle Javon Hargrave to a four-year, $84 million contract and bring in Sam Darnold as a low-cost veteran quarterback option.
The fear was that once Purdy's ligament was exposed in the operating room, the visible damage would exceed the strict requirements for a repair and he would need Tommy John surgery, which comes with a lengthier recovery time. The extended return to play window would have jeopardized Purdy's 2023 season and forced the Niners to look at costlier quarterback alternatives at the expense of other roster upgrades. The answer wouldn't become clear until Dr. Keith Meister opened up Purdy's right elbow.
A little more than a decade ago, the UCL repair option didn't exist; all athletes with UCL injuries severe enough to prevent them from being able to throw, regardless of the tissue quality of the damaged ligament, had to go with what had become the gold standard: Tommy John surgery.
TOMMY JOHN PITCHED for seven Major League Baseball teams over a 26-year career that included 288 wins and four All-Star appearances. Despite that lengthy run, John is known as much for the surgery that bears his name as his baseball accomplishments.
John tore his UCL in 1974 while pitching for the Los Angeles Dodgers. After unsuccessfully waiting and hoping rest might suffice, Dr. Frank Jobe, the Dodgers' team physician, suggested a surgical solution that had previously been limited to wrists and hands. The idea was to replace the ligament in John's left elbow with a tendon graft from his right forearm.
The surgery was a success. After a lengthy recovery, John -- whose career would have otherwise ended -- returned in 1976, winning 164 games and retiring in 1989. Tommy John surgery became the standard procedure for throwing athletes with torn UCLs. The injury and subsequent surgery were increasingly common in pitchers, but other athletes -- javelin throwers, softball players and an occasional quarterback -- also got the procedure.
https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/377 ... bow-repair